heyland



Patented May 9, I899.

A. HEYLAND.

ALTEBNATING CURRENT MOTOR.

(Application filed Feb. 18, 1898.)

3 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

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LNo Model.)

Patented May 9, I899. A. HEYLAND.

ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTOR.

(Application filed Feb. 18, 1898.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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A. HEYLAND.

ALTEBNATING CURRENT MOTOR.

(Application filed Feb. 18, 189B.) d L) 3 SheatsSheet 3.

' No. 624,652. Patented May 9, I899.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALEXANDER HEYLAND, OF FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN, GERMANY.

ALTERNATlNG-CURRENT MOTOR.

. SPECIFICATION forming ar't of Letters Patent No. 624,652, dated May 9, 1899.

Application filed February 18, 1898. $erial No. 670,817. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER HEYLAND, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Frankfort-onthe-Main, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Alternate-Current Motors, of which the following is a specification.

. My invention relates to methods of and ap inventiong'and Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 12 are, single views'of various improved forms of phase motors.

In Fig. 1, A is the inducing member of a' multiphase motor Wound with ind ucing-windings I II, while B is the induced member-in this case the r0tor--wound with the short-cirf cuited windingD. If the resistance of the short-circuit member is sufficiently high, or

in any case when a speed approaching synchronism has been attained, the magnetic flux produced by each of the exciting-coils I II distributes itself approximately uni- Forexample, the dotted lines inclosed by the bracket N would roughly represent the flux due to the windingIduring the normal operation of the machine; but at starting unless the armature be of an exceedingly high resistance the flux of the coil I spreading inward from the bars of the said coil will be beaten back to some extent by the screening action of the wind- 7 ing Dand will 'not generate current in those portions of the armature under all of the bars II. The fiux will then be represented by the dotted lines N in Fig. 2. In the same manner the fluxes generated by the coils II II will not penetrate to the center of the said coils and will not generate current in those portions of the armature under, all of the bars of the winding'I. From this it appears that those bars of each winding which lie at or near the center of the other winding must fail to produce any torque and musttherefore uselessly consume energy. It is usual to overcome this difficulty by inserting in series with the winding D a resistance which is gradually out out as a speed ap proaching synchronism is attained; but this procedure involves a great loss of efficiency and serious mechanical complications. I therefore so adjust the connections that at starting only the active bars or coils of each inducing-windings namely, the inner bars or coilsare in circuit, as shown in Fig. 3, and gradually out in the outer bars or coils as the speed rises until finally the connections shown in Fig. 1 are attained. By this I am enabled to secure high starting torque and good efficiency.

One form of motor with starting-switch adapted for carrying out my invention is shown in Fig. 4. In this figure I and II are the inducing-windings, while E E and F F are the wires leading to a source of two-phase current; B is the armature, of any preferred type, but preferably of the type shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. It will be seen that each of the windings I and II consists of five coils a, a, b, b, and C and c, o, d, cl, and G, respectively. The coils a a are connected in series, as are also the coils b 1 One terminal of each of the coils C a b is connected to the wire E, while the other terminal of the coil 0 and the free terminals of Ct and b are connected to segments of the switch-plate V. A switch-arm U, connected to the wire E, travels over the switch-plateV'. In the position shown in full lines the windingo a only is in circuit corresponding to the connection shown in Fig. 3. As thespeed rises and the screening action of the armature diminishes the arm U can be moved to cut in both the winding (1 a and the winding 1) 1). Finally the arm U can be moved to the position shown in dotted lines, when all the windings I will be energized. A simiand starting torque are greatly increased. To still further increase the starting torque, I may wind the'coils Ct at and c o with fine wire, the coils b b d d withslightly-coarser wire, and'the coils O andG with still coarser wire.

In this way the magnetizing action of the inducing member may be made very large at starting and at the same time concentrated at those points where it will be most effective. It will be seen that the number of turns of each winding will be greater in proportion, as it is composed of fine wire.

Another advantage of my improvements lies in the fact that the speed of an alternating motor varies with any variation of the number of inducing windings in circuit. Thus by cutting in and out the various inducing-windings by means of the switch U, I am enabled to vary the speed of the motor within wide limits and at the same time to always keep the flux of one inducing-coil in a position where it will generate in the armature a current suitable for acting upon the flux generated by the other inducing-coil.

In single-phase motors such as that shown in Fig. 5 one set of windings is usually required only at starting. In such windings I therefore prefer to omit the coils d, d, and G. The resulting structure is shown in Fig. 5, in which E E are the connections to a source of single-phase current feeding current to the coil 0. A branch circuit H H leads to the coils c c, which I prefer to regard as a single coil or winding having its inner turns omitted. A switch and self-induction coil L are inserted in series with the winding 0 0. At starting, the switch IV is closed and the windingc c is energized by current dephased from the current in the coil 0 by virtue of the reactance of L. The idle portions of the winding 0 0 being omitted, it can create a powerful cross-field with a comparatively small expenditure of energy. WVhen speed is attained, the switch W can be opened, when themachine will run as an ordinary single-phase induction-motor.

In the form shown in Fig. 6 the self-induction coil L is replaced by the condenser K, while in the form shown in Fig. '7 a transformer T furnishes the required phase displacement. Otherwise the motors are similar to the form shown in Fig. 5.

In Fig. 8 the principles above developed are applied to both windings of a single-phase motor. E E are, as before, the leads from a source of single-phase current. The branch circuit H H feeds the winding 0 0, preferably consisting of formed coils placed in the slots in the inner edge of the inducing member A, though any preferred construcction may be used. Acondenser K is inserted for the purpose above set forth. The windings a U0 b a are constructed in a similar manner and are fed from the mains E E through the switch U, similarto the switch U in Fig. 4E. The secondary member B is wound with bars D in the usual way, having interposed in series the adjustable resistances R R Riarranged to be simultaneously controlled by means of the hand-wheel S. At starting, the switch IV is closed and the switch U is placed on the first point, so that the coils c c and a a are connected to line and the secondary resistances are adjusted to the position giving maximum starting torque. The machine then starts under the most favorable conditions, all of the inducing magnetomotive forces being fully utilized. Gradually the coils b b and C are cut in, the resistance R is reduced, and the switch \V opened.

The objectionable efiect of the short-ciicuit armature upon the distribution of the field and upon the starting power is found to be even more noticeable in single-phase motors in which the secondary windings are situated in a few grooves between the pole-pieces covered with the main windings than in the case of two or more phase motors.

Suppose Fig. 9 to diagrammatically represent such single-phase motor with the exciting-armature A, the short-circuit armature B, the main or primary windings I, the secondary windings II, and the short-circuit windings 0. As in this case the single-phase main windings, even when covering a large portion-of the pole-piece, should nevertheless (to insure an etficient working) not be so ar ranged asto reach right up to the secondary windings. The case here happens that, as has been illustrated in Fig. 10, the field presents its highest intensity at the place where there is no winding at all or the coils are dis connected. Now according to further amendment the part of the exciting-armature nearest to the secondary winding is wound with coils I, which are only connected to the main windings when the motoris started and which are disconnected when the motor is in operation. Fig. 11 represents in dotted lines these coils, which, as mentioned, are only utilized during the time of starting. These said coils during the starting operation mainly produce the starting power or traction. As soon, how ever, as the motor rotates and a rotary field has been formed the said coils only impede the working effect and are therefore preferabl y disconnected,together with the secondary windings, by means of aswitching device.

Fig. 12 represents, by way of example, a switching device for a two-pole single-phase motor with the main windings I and the secondary windings II. The reverser'or switch U shows in dotted lines the switching position occupied during the starting and in full lines the switching position occupied during the working. are equally applicable to motors with simple short-circuit armature and to those with adj ustably-wound short-circuit armature.

What I claim as my invention is.

1. The method of starting and running an alternating-current motor having sets of inducing-windin gs, which consists in supplying current first to those portions only of one set of the inducing-windings in closest inductive relation to the other inducinguvindings, and thereafter supplying current to the other portion or portions of the said set of inducingwindings.

These last improvements 2. The method of starting and running an alternating-current motor having sets of inducing-windings, which consists in supplying current first to those portions only of each set of the inducing-windings in closestinductive relation to the other inducing-windings, and thereafter supplying current to the other portion or portions of the said sets of inducingwindings.

3. In an alternating-current motor, the 001m bination with two sets of inducing-windings, of a switch for first connecting to line those portions of one of the sets in closest inductive relation with the other set, and thereafterconnecting to line other portions of the said set.

4. In an alternating current motor,the combination with two sets of inducing-windings of a switch for connecting to line first the portions of one of the sets in closest inductive relation with the other set, and thereafter connecting to line other portions of said set, in multiple with the first portions.

5. In an alternating-current motor, the combination with two sets of inducing-windings of means for connecting to line first the portions of each set in closest inductive relation with the other set, and thereafter connecting to line other portions of said set, in multiple with the first portions.

6. In an alternating-current motor, the combination with two sets of inducing-windings of means for connecting to line first. the p01.- tions of each set in closest inductive relation to the other set, and thereafter connecting to line other portions of said set.

7. In an alternating-cu rrent motor, the com bination with a main inducing-Winding and an auxiliary inducing-winding said main ind ucing-winding comprising portions one of which is in close inductive relation with the auxiliary inducing-winding, of means for supplying dephased currents to the auxiliary winding and the portion of the main winding in close inductive relation thereto, and means for cutting in and out the other portions of the main winding.

8. In an alternating-current motor, the combination with a main inducing-winding and an auxiliary inducing-Winding said main inducing-winding comprising portions one of which is in close inductive relation with the windings thereon, and means for varying the resistance of the secondary member.

9. In an altern ating-current motor, the combination with a main inducing-winding and an auxiliary inducing-winding said main inducing-winding having additional coils arranged in close inductive relation with the auxiliary ind ucing-winding, of means for supplying dephased currents to the main and auxiliary windings, and means for cutting in and out the additional coils of the main inducing-winding, whereby on starting the motor the said main additional windings are connected to the main winding and are discon nected when the motor has started.

10. In an alternating -current motor, the combination with a main inducing-winding and an auxiliaryinducing-winding said main inducing-winding having additional coils arranged in close inductive relation with the auxiliary inducing-winding, of means for supplying dephased currents to the main an d auxiliary windings, and means for cutting in and out the additional main winding and the auxiliary winding whereby on starting the motor the additional main Winding and auxiliary winding in close inductive relation to each other are in circuit and both are disconnected when the motor has started.

'11. In an alternating-current motor, the combination with a main inducing-winding and an auxiliary inducing-Winding said main inducing-winding comprising a plurality of coils arranged in different inductive relations to the auxiliary inducing-Winding, of means for supplying dephased currents to the windings, and means for cutting into the circuit first the coils of the main inducing-Winding in closest proximity to the auxiliaryinducingwinding and afterward cutting in the other coils progressively in multiple.

12. In an alternating-current motor, the combination with a main inducing-winding and an auxiliary inducing-winding said main inducing-Winding comprising a plurality of coils arranged in different inductive relations to the auxiliary inducing-winding said coils being of varying sizes of wire those in closest inductive relation with the auxiliary inducing-windingbeing the finest, of means for supplying dephased currents to said windings, and means for cutting in the coils of the main inducing-winding whereby the coils of finest wire are first cut in and then the coils of coarser wire progressively in multiple.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALEXANDER HEYLAND.

Witnesses:

J EAN GRUND, FRANK H. MASON. 

